The paradigm of the future marine environment is changing with the rise of the 4th industrial revolution. In response to this trend, the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries of the Republic of Korea is promoting a strategy to make maritime and fisheries smart, strengthening overall capabilities such as MASS, smart ports, and smart maritime logistics.

In this regard, smart AtoN, light intensity measurement technology using drones, customized virtual digital AtoN service technology, and AtoN monitoring system applied with S-200 are being developed in the field of AtoN in Korea. Smart AtoN is a study to collect, integrate, and analyze maritime information by combining technologies such as big data and AI, and to build a maritime traffic infrastructure that can provide new services to users.

Light intensity measurement technology using drones is a study that uses drones to measure the light intensity of medium and large light lanterns installed in lighthouses based on image processing technology to make the measurement process efficiency. The customized virtual digital AtoN service technology is a study that provides services such as digital navigation routes and dangerous areas made of virtual AtoN according to the operating conditions of each ships.

The AtoN monitoring system applied to S-200 is a study to develop a system that can manage and search information on AtoN based on the S-200 specification being developed by IALA.

This paper introduces the future marine environment in which the AtoN technology being researched in Korea is applied.

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This paper examines the exhibition and directing media following the reorganization of the National Lighthouse Museum of Korea. Through this case, our museum to share the exhibition direction and development direction of Aids to navigation heritage museum.

1. Exhibition Space:
after September 1. 2021, the National Lighthouse Museum of Korea newly completes construction a building (3,864 ㎡). The new building mainly consists of the permanent exhibition Hall, the special exhibition Hall, and the Lighthouse Science Hall. Cultural spaces such as the archive Hall, cafe and event hall are located. In addition, The existing exhibition hall has been transformed into an educational space including

2. Exhibition Contents:
Today’s Lighthouses have become navigation aids and cultural heritages embracing memories of the past. In particular, that attracts visitors as a maritime cultural space where various interesting performances and exhibitions are held. Lighthouse becomes closer to us.

3. Exhibition directing technique:
First, The national Lighthouse museum’s permanent exhibition of tells a story of the sea’s traffic lights and people that lit up the brilliant light on the path behind history. Especially, direct media art, how sea routes and techniques were developed, the worlds gradually became connected by the sea.

Second, and are utilize participatory experiential media and experiences fairy tales, These help From Hands-on to Minds-on. Our museum communicates with visitors, such as virtual reality, high-definition image mapping technology and interactive media.

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When we think of lighthouses, many of us will straight away think of towers - in all their designs.

Perhaps a beautiful square-plan tower such as is displayed at this year’s terrific IALA Heritage Lighthouse of the Year – Cap Spartel Lighthouse in Morocco. Or perhaps a more classic round tower such as at the equally wonderful Santo Antônio da Barra Lighthouse in Brazil. Or perhaps one of the myriad of other shapes that they come in. But almost certainly a tower.

Yet, in and around our lighthouse towers may be all sorts of other associated structures – some still in use for their original purpose, some re-assigned or redundant, others partially demolished or abandoned to decay. In the Trinity House estate such structures include mysterious pathways and steps seemingly leading nowhere, the puzzling remains of unusual redundant outbuildings and a cacophony of other mysterious structures.

Through these ancillary structures, a fuller and richer tale may be told of lighthouse heritage and culture. Insights into changing technologies, requirements and construction methods. And of the long-lost lifestyles of lighthouse keepers and their families – as well as the support teams behind them.

This presentation examine some of those ancillary structures and draws out some of the stories that they have to tell. The examples are English and Welsh lighthouse sites, but every nation will have their own ancillary lighthouse structures that tell their own tale.

Through this presentation, participants are encouraged to celebrate their own wonderful (but often overlooked) structures and to arrive at a fuller appreciation of their value – that they may be understood, conserved, and recorded for the benefit of future generations.

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Irish Lights and many other lighthouse authorities have used mercury to rotate large revolving Fresnel lenses in lighthouse applications since the late 1800s.

The system provided a near frictionless environment for the rotation of these large lenses. Mercury is a toxic substance, and, despite the many years of reliable service, there is increasing European and International legislation restricting its use, storage and transport.

Where major re-engineering works are being carried out at lighthouse stations, Irish Lights is taking the opportunity to remove mercury from these stations.

With modern LED developments, there is now the option to flash or rotate beacons which no longer need the large Fresnel lens to achieve the required range.

There are locations though where the large rotating Fresnel lens is being maintained for heritage and visitor experience purposes.

For these situations Irish Lights is implementing a solution of a low friction mechanical slew ball bearing system that can be installed underneath the Fresnel lens as the rotation mechanism in replacement of the mercury.

This bearing has been trialed at Tory Island Lighthouse for a hyper-radial rotating Fresnel lens, rotating at 2 RPM, and will be installed at Rathlin East and Rathlin West lighthouses in first order Fresnel lenses in 2021.

The Shipping Assistance Division which is responsible for the management and maintenance of the AtoN’s along the Flemish coast owns and manages among others the Flemish lighthouse installations.
The 3 active lighthouses in the Flemish harbors are:

• Lighthouse Nieuwpoort;
• Lighthouse Ostend;
• Lighthouse Blankenberge.

These lighthouses are still illuminated by means of halogen technology resulting in a high energy consumption and high maintenance cost. In the lighthouses located in Nieuwpoort and Ostend the lamps are continuously active and the unique light signal are obtained by rotating the lens. These lenses are powered by an outdated and complex mechanical control mechanism. Moreover, the lighthouse in Nieuwpoort is has a rotating lens with a mercury bath which needs to be replaced by a more environmentally friendly system.

Following the conference in South Korea in 2018, contacts could be made with Denmark regarding the migration of lighthouse lamps to LED. At the end of 2019, we visited the Danish Maritime Authority (DMA) to review the migration of their lighthouse lamps to LED technology and the optimization of their mechanical drives. The DMA has developed its own concept in collaboration with the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) to optimize the working principle of the complete system. Thanks to the DMA, the DTU was willing to support our division in this migration. In collaboration with the DTU, an action plan was drawn up to modernize the mechanical drives based on the following basic principles:

• Maximum preservation of the original construction (heritage value);
• Operational functionality had to be the same as before (maintaining nautical character);
• Replacement of mercury bath with respect for the environment;
• Use of an energy-efficient and low-maintenance drive.

The DTU's visit to the Flemish lighthouse installations was planned but didn’t occur due to COVID 19. The visit will take place as soon as the travel restrictions are better. Presumably late 2021, early 2022. In addition, these migrations must be carried out while preserving their maritime heritage value. For example, a completely new residential area (with high apartment buildings) is being built in the immediate vicinity of the lighthouse in the port of Ostend. It is therefore a challenge to allow the operation of the lighthouse to function in symbiosis with the real estate developments in this neighborhood.

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Since the 17th century with the commissioning of the Cordouan lighthouse in 1611, France has set up more than 200 lighthouses along its coasts, in Metropolitan France and overseas. Most of these establishments are still in operation. All are now automated. As soon as they were put into service, the lighthouse keepers ensured the visit of the lighthouses under certain conditions. With automation, they were relieved of their duties and visits stopped.

Public demand being strong, several lighthouses have been reopened to visitors over the years, the French Administration signing agreements for this mission with local non-profit associations, communities or private companies.

To have a uniform view of the structures in charge of visits, the Ministry for the Sea wanted an associative structure to be created with the aim of coordinating the network of managers of French lighthouses open to public visits.

The Phares de France association, created in 2018, coordinates this network.

Since then, every year in mid-October, a 3-day seminar is organized in the form of meetings open to all lighthouse managers under contract. Organized each time in a different lighthouse, the "Lighthouse Days" deal with issues around the management of lighthouses. Numerous exchanges between managers, State services, communities and partners thus make it possible to define the outlines and challenges of the lighthouses open to visitors.

In addition to these days, social networks allow the animation of the network throughout the year.

More recently, Phares de France is heavily involved, in collaboration with the Ministry of the Sea and IALA, in the organization of the events of the FRESNEL 2023 project. KEYWORDS: visit – network –animation – lighthouse keeper

Original in Spanish A project for the preservation of historic lighthouse equipment is described, focusing on the industrial heritage: optics, turning mechanisms and other technical elements. At Puertos del Estado we are committed to keeping all optics and bases in use, adapting new light sources, to maintain service requirements. The best way to preserve heritage is to keep historical equipment in its surroundings, providing the service for which they were designed, facilitating their proximity to society, through visits. Puertos del Estado developed a project to study the situation of the optical-luminous installations of the lighthouses, whose objective was: to have a technical inventory of historical elements and verification of the luminous parameters of the lighthouses. A computer application was developed based on the IALA recommendations (E-200 series) that quickly calculates in a theoretical way, the technical characteristics of the equipment, testing with different types of light sources in the installation, choosing the most suitable or, in where appropriate, correct existing deficiencies. It was verified that it was almost always feasible to maintain the historical equipment by acting mainly on the light sources. Some outstanding examples of actions to preserve their historical equipment in use are explained: • Maspalomas Lighthouse: Recovery of the original occultation equipment and its optics from 1889. • Sálvora Lighthouse: The only optic with an Otter screen system that modifies the characteristic in a dangerous sector. • Punta Anaga Lighthouse: Unique fixed optics varied by flashes

Here is a proposal for a PowerPoint presentation to the audience of the 20th IALA Conference in Brazil, touching on the following points:

- Notes on the Italian Navy National Lighthouses and Maritime Signalling Service, its responsibilities in the management of the majorities of national signals (including all 147 Italian lighthouses) and its organization;

- Notes on the signalling modernization plan, which involved technological efficiency and a reduction in the necessary personnel;

- “Lighthouses: a value for the country”, the italian project for the valorisation of the infrastructures (former housing for technical personnel) present in the Lighthouses and no longer useful to the Service;

- Example of valorisation of the Genoa Lighthouse (so called “Lanterna”) through an agreement with the “Institution of the Sea and Migration Museums” (a public institution embedded into the Municipality of Genoa);

- Example of valorisation of the Trieste Lighthouse (so called “Faro della Vittoria”) through an agreement with ERPAC – a public institution for the Cultural Heritage of Friuli Venezia Giulia Regional Authority.

Within the contents of the Strategic Plan developed by the Venezuelan Navy Hydrographic Service, It´s included the reconstruction of the "EL GRAN ROQUE" Lighthouse was planned, whose construction dates from 1874. It was located in its current location (Los Roques Islands), at 85 meters above the mean sea level, that warrantees the projection of light beam up to 36 nautical miles away.

The Lighthouse consists in a structure of 14,58 meters in height with a square base of 6.10 meters by side. After 105 years of its last restoration and after a lack of use from 65 years ago, a restoration project was carried out, given its potential as an aid to navigation, not only because of its location, but also because of the robustness of the construction and his great patrimonial value, avoiding his collapse in the next years and in the same way preserving this important building for future generations.

The work consists of external and internal maintenance of the lighthouse, basement recovery operations, maintenance to the surrounding areas of the lighthouse, construction of the inner and upper platform in steel (galvanized) in order to install securely a new state-of-the-art photovoltaic lighting system.

Great Lighthouses of Ireland is a collaborative tourism initiative developed by Irish Lights in recognition of the need to protect its AtoN heritage and enable the development of sustainable tourism in coastal locations throughout the island of Ireland. This paper will outline the mechanisms through which Irish Lights is enabling the re-use of lighthouses and ancillary structures via collaborative approaches with local authorities, community groups and government agencies. Representing 14 sites, this initiative is aligned with government policy in areas such as tourism heritage and rural development on the island of Ireland. It will outline an independent socio-economic review in 2018 confirming Great Lighthouses of Ireland delivered economic benefit impact of €16.86m and supported 409 jobs in coastal communities.

Additionally, it will articulate how GLI facilitates innovative use of lighthouse heritage with a mix of visitors’ centres, guided tours on land and sea, cafés and accommodation along with stories of people, places and technologies that have protected Ireland’s coasts past and present. Through the application of collaborative structures, funding and marketing mechanisms the paper will outline how the GLI project protects Ireland’s lighthouse and maritime heritage and aims to sustainably and sensitively develop it for the benefit of future generations.

Homigot Lighthouse has historical, architectural, and aesthetic values differentiated from any other lighthouses in Korea. As the highest lighthouse in the country, it is elegant and beautiful and has distinctive values and figures unlike any other lighthouse. In spite of its masonry structure based on red bricks, it does not lose the elegance of linear composition in pure white, showing off its sublime posture at the height of 26.4m. Even though it was the highest building at the time of its construction, it has firmly endured throughout the years in Pohang, with its high risk of earthquakes, and maintained its original form intact. The National Lighthouse Museum built next to Homigot Lighthouse has become one of the largest of its kind in the world after the extension in 2022. It accumulates and studies global cultural heritage related to lighthouses and promotes their values through exhibitions and education programs. It is capable of disseminating not only the essential roles of lighthouses but also their values as lighthouse heritage throughout the world.

Huaniao lighthouse was built in 1870. It is the oldest and most symbolic lighthouse still in operation in China. It was listed as a world Heritage and legacy by the International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA) and a key protected cultural heritage by China.

Known as the first lighthouse in the Far East, Huaniao lighthouse is an important navigation aid sign on the route from the Yangtze River Estuary to Southeast Asia and the Pacific Ocean.

In addition to playing the role of traditional visual aids to navigation, the lighthouse is also equipped with AIS base station, Beidou reference base station, VTS base station, meteorology, hydrology, microwave, etc., to provide all-weather integrated positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) services for the ships sailing on the sea.

Besides its safety function, Huaniao lighthouse is also an important witness of China's maritime history. It was built by the British with excellent manufacturing technology.

There are a huge ox eye lens that is well preserved and still in use, a lighthouse building and four management and work houses with a building area of more than 300 square meters, which was a masterpiece of architecture at that time. At present, Huaniao lighthouse has become a famous tourist attraction in China.

This paper introduces the protection and development of Huaniao lighthouse.